Electrode system for transcutaneous nerve and/or muscle stimulation

ABSTRACT

An electrode system for transcutaneous nerve and/or muscle stimulation that includes a pair of stimulating electrodes and a stimulation current generator for generating a nerve and/or muscle stimulation current between the stimulating electrodes. The system also includes a current-injecting electrode arranged in proximity to one of the stimulating electrodes, and an injection-current generator located in the area of the current-injecting electrode. The current-injecting electrode and the corresponding injection-current generator reduce, or even eliminate, undesirable sensations resulting from an excitation of subcutaneous receptors by the stimulation current.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Any and all priority claims identified in the Application Data Sheet, or any correction thereto, are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR 1.57. This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/792635, filed on Aug. 20, 2008, which is national phase under 35 U.S.C. §371 of prior PCT International Application No. PCT/IB2005/054156 which has an International Filing Date of Dec. 9, 2005, which designates the United States of America, and which claims priority to Switzerland Application No. CH 02044/04 filed Dec. 9, 2004. Each of the aforementioned applications is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, and each is hereby expressly made a part of this specification.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the transcutaneous electrical stimulation of nerves and muscles by means of a system that comprises a pair of electrodes connected to a current generator.

This type of stimulation can be used in a large number of fields. Examples that may be mentioned include the fields of neuromuscular electrostimulation for sport or medical purposes, anesthesia, defibrillation, or regulation of heart beat by means of an external pacemaker.

PRIOR ART

For transcutaneous nerve and/or muscle stimulation, it is known to generate a current between two electrodes placed on the skin. By way of an illustrative example, the application EP 1 095 670, incorporated by reference in the present application, describes such an electrical neuromuscular stimulator that uses stimulating electrodes and a generator of electrical impulses.

In addition to stimulating the nerves and/or muscles, the current also stimulates the subcutaneous receptors that are situated between the skin surface and the nerves and/or muscles that are to be stimulated.

However, the subcutaneous receptors are sensitive to various factors, such as temperature, pressure or pain. Consequently, their excitation by an electrical current may induce undesirable effects as far as the user is concerned, for example pain, stinging sensation, etc.

There is therefore a need to be able to reduce, or even completely eliminate, the undesirable sensations that are experienced during transcutaneous nerve and/or muscle stimulation by electrodes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the invention to improve the systems known from the prior art.

More particularly, it is an object of the invention to make available a system for transcutaneous electrical stimulation of nerves and muscles that overcomes the aforementioned problem of the occurrence of undesirable sensations during the stimulation.

It is another object of the invention to make available a simple device that is easy to use and that is effective and provides improved comfort for the user.

To this end, the invention relates to an electrode system for transcutaneous nerve and/or muscle stimulation, comprising at least: a pair of stimulating electrodes, stimulating means for generating a nerve and/or muscle stimulation current between said stimulating electrodes, said system further comprising a current-injecting electrode arranged in proximity to one of the stimulating electrodes, current-generating means in the area of said injecting electrode, between said injecting electrode and the nearest stimulating electrode, in such a way as to reduce, or even eliminate, the undesirable sensations possibly resulting from the excitation of the subcutaneous receptors by said stimulation current.

By “proximity”, we mean a distance that is shorter than the distance between the stimulating electrodes.

Thus, according to the invention, the system comprises two circuits, one for stimulating the muscles and/or nerves, and the other for making the subcutaneous receptors less excitable, thereby improving user comfort. This specific action on the subcutaneous receptors is made possible by the presence of electrodes that are located near one another, such that the injected current does not extend depthwise but instead remains at the surface. Moreover, the forms of injected current are chosen in such a way as to achieve this object.

The current-injecting electrode is advantageously arranged around the stimulating electrode.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, each stimulating electrode is surrounded by a current-injecting electrode.

According to another particular embodiment, the stimulating electrode comprises a first part surrounded by a first part of the current-injecting electrode, itself being surrounded by a second part of the stimulating electrode, which is itself surrounded by a second part of the current-injecting electrode. This configuration can repeat itself several times.

The invention also relates to a method of use of the aforementioned electrode system, said method being characterized in that a form of current generated by the current-generating means in the area of said injecting electrode is chosen in such a way as to reduce, or even eliminate, the undesirable sensations possibly resulting from the excitation of the subcutaneous receptors by said stimulation current.

A first way of achieving this object is to choose an injection current strength in such a way as to reduce or to annul the total current circulating in the area of the subcutaneous receptors. In this case, the injected current, which is directed toward the corresponding stimulating electrode, compensates for the stimulation current emerging from the stimulating electrode.

It will be noted here that the compensation between stimulation current and injected current results in annulment of the total current exclusively in the area of the subcutaneous receptors. Such annulment of the current is not produced in the area of the nerves and/or muscles that are to be stimulated.

A second way of proceeding is to choose a form of injection current in such a way as to induce a blockage of the nerve transmission to the subcutaneous receptors. This provides an anesthetizing effect on the subcutaneous receptors.

A third approach is to excite the area surrounding the subcutaneous receptors (TENS effect), without inducing pain. In this case, the pain signal sent by the receptors to the brain is embedded in a general signal. Typically, in the TENS effect, a permanent tingling sensation is experienced by the user, said tingling sensation masking other sensations such as pain. In this way, one sensation is covered by another.

Another approach is to first send a local current, which renders the subcutaneous receptors less excitable, and then to send the stimulation current.

Different currents can be used at staggered intervals.

According to one variant, the receptors are charged, and they will be less sensitive to the stimulation current.

Typically, the principles set out in the publications WO 02/065896 or US 2004/0127953 can be applied for the forms of current generated in the system according to the invention, these publications being incorporated by reference in the present application in respect of the signals that can be used. Other examples are given in the following publications:

Bhadra N, Kilgore K L, “Direct current electrical conduction block of peripheral nerve”, IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2004 September; 12(3): 313-324;

Kilgore K L, Bhadra N, “Nerve conduction block utilising high-frequency alternating current”, Med Biol Eng Comput. 2004 May; 42(3): 394-406;

Bhadra N, Kilgore K L, Creasey G H, “Block of Mammalian Motor Nerve Conduction Using High Frequency Alternating Current”, 10th Annual Conference of the International FES Society, July 2005, Montreal, Canada;

Kilgore K L, Bhadra N, “Block of Nerve Conduction Using High Frequency Alternating Current”, 9th Annual Conference of the International FES Society, September 2004, Bournemouth, UK.

These documents provide explanations of the various methods for obtaining a conduction block (collision block, hyperpolarization, depolarization, high-frequency AC block).

As has been indicated above, it is also possible to use current forms that either mask the sensations of pain (TENS) or reduce the current density or the electrical charge density in the area of the sensitive fibers of the skin. Of course, this list is not exhaustive, and other forms may be envisioned, the idea being to send an injection current to the subcutaneous receptors in order to make them less excitable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of two embodiments thereof. To this end, a non-limiting example is shown schematically in the following figures, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a cross section of the system according to the invention placed on the skin.

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the system from FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The system according to the first embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises two stimulating electrodes 1, 2 that are connected to a means 3 for generating a stimulation current. Beneath the skin 8, a stimulation current 9 moves between the stimulating electrodes 1, 2 and stimulates a muscle 6.

Each stimulating electrode 1, 2 is surrounded by a current-injecting electrode 4, 11, respectively, which is of annular shape in the example shown. The current-injecting electrodes 4, 11 are connected to the stimulating electrodes 1, 2 by an injection current generator 5, 12, respectively.

The desired effect is achieved depending on the arrangement of the electrodes, on their geometry and on the forms of current chosen, for example a partial or even complete elimination of the current moving in the area of the subcutaneous receptors 7, a blockage of the nerve transmission between the receptors and the brain (anesthetizing effect), or an excitation of the area surrounding the receptors (TENS effect).

The undesirable sensations induced by a parasitic excitation of the subcutaneous receptors 7 are thus reduced, or masked, or even completely eliminated.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the stimulating electrode comprises a first part 1′ surrounded by a first part of the current-injecting electrode 4′, itself being surrounded by a second part of the stimulating electrode 1″, which is itself surrounded by a second part of the current-injecting electrode 4″. This configuration can of course repeat itself

It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the aforementioned examples.

Generally, it concerns any electrode configuration of the kind described above that makes it possible to reduce or eliminate the undesirable sensations resulting from an excitation of the subcutaneous receptors. In particular, the more one wishes the injection current to remain at the surface in the area of the subcutaneous receptors, the more the injecting and stimulating electrodes have to be placed near one another.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 first stimulating electrode

2 second stimulating electrode

3 means for generating a stimulation current

4 first current-injecting electrode

5 first injection current generator

6 muscle

7 subcutaneous receptor

8 surface of the skin

9 stimulation current

10 compensating current

11 second current-injecting electrode

12 second injection current generator

1′ first part of stimulating electrode (2nd embodiment)

1″ second part of stimulating electrode (2nd embodiment)

4′ first part of injecting electrode (2nd embodiment)

4″ second part of injecting electrode (2nd embodiment) 

1-8. (canceled)
 9. An electrode system for transcutaneous nerve and/or muscle stimulation, comprising: a pair of stimulating electrodes; a stimulation current generator configured for generating a nerve and/or muscle stimulation current between the stimulating electrodes; a current-injecting electrode arranged in proximity to one of the stimulating electrodes; and an injection current generator in an area of the current-injecting electrode, wherein the current-injecting electrode and the injection-current generator are configured, in use, to reduce undesirable sensations resulting from an excitation of subcutaneous receptors by the nerve and/or muscle stimulation current.
 10. The electrode system of claim 9, wherein the current-injecting electrode is arranged around the pair of stimulating electrodes.
 11. The electrode system of claim 9, wherein each stimulating electrode is surrounded by a current-injecting electrode.
 12. The electrode system of claim 11, wherein the stimulating electrode comprises at least a first part surrounded by a first part of the current-injecting electrode, wherein the first part of the current-injecting electrode is surrounded by a second part of the stimulating electrode, and wherein the second part of the stimulating electrode is surrounded by a second part of the current-injecting electrode.
 13. A method of generating a nerve and/or muscle stimulation current, comprising: placing the electrodes of the electrode system for transcutaneous nerve and/or muscle stimulation of claim 1 on a patient's skin; delivering a stimulation current to the patient; and delivering an injection current generated by the injection current generator in the area of the current-injecting electrode to the patient, wherein a form of the injection current is selected so as to reduce undesirable sensations resulting from excitation of subcutaneous receptors by the stimulation current.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the form of the injection current is selected so as to reduce a total current circulating in an area of the subcutaneous receptors.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the form of the injection current is selected so as to induce a blockage of nerve transmission between the subcutaneous receptors and the patient's brain.
 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the form of the stimulation current and the form of the injection current are selected so as to obtain a painless excitation of an area surrounding the subcutaneous receptors. 